Utilizing a laser to weld will help with speed and accuracy, but not all techniques are created equal. Laser welding includes many different types that should be used for different applications. We have gathered some of the most common types of laser welding and how they are most frequently used. Each laser weld technique is unique and has benefits for different projects, how the final welds look, and penetration into the material. Let’s take a look at how all of these types of welds compare. 

Conduction Welding

Conduction welding is a type of thermal welding where the laser heats the material just below the threshold that is required for a keyhole weld. This method relies on surface melting and the heat conducting through the metal to create a durable joint. This method of laser welding is often chosen if you want to have a small heat-affected zone. It is best used for small parts where visible welds won’t ruin the aesthetics of the piece. 

The laser beam will interact with the metal for longer, but will have a lower energy than other types of welding. Conduction welding provides precise control and a lower chance of metal warping from prolonged heat exposure.

Keyhole Or Penetration Welding

A deep, narrow hole is created during keyhole welding by a direct heat source. The keyhole should be formed all the way through the metal, allowing for a deep penetration weld that is stabilized through the vapor of evaporating metal. This welding technique is much faster than conduction welding and allows welders to work with thicker pieces of metal. Structural elements in aerospace and automotive industries are created using keyhole welds. 

Pulsed Laser Welding

Instead of a continuous laser beam, pulsed welding uses repeated short laser pulses to quickly melt the metal. The small break between each pulse allows the metal to cool slightly and weld together before the next one is applied. Utilizing this type of weld will give you strong and controlled welds, often needed for more delicate parts. Most welders turn to this technique when they need fast but consistent welds that will hold up when a part or piece is being used consistently.

Continuous Wave

One of the most consistent and efficient welding techniques is continuous wave laser welding. The laser remains at a constant level, creating an almost seamless weld and no rippling in the rest of the material. The continuous operation ensures more efficient work and minimal downtime for your welding business. Thin sheets of metal should not be welded with continuous wave lasers as there is a risk of warping. Micro-welds and heat-sensitive materials should also not be welded with this technique as it could lead to weak points or uneven materials. 

Hybrid Laser Arc Welding

Combining the benefits of laser and arc welding, this precise welding technique utilizes a laser as the primary heat source, while arc welding is used as filler material and can add heat if it is needed to provide a more stable weld. This hybrid approach makes for more efficient welding for on-site welding or important industries. Large structures and geometric shapes are created with hybrid laser arc welding. 

Handheld Laser

If a welding shop or beginning welder is looking for a beginner-friendly option, handheld laser welding is the way to go. It is faster than traditional MIG and TIG welding and can join a variety of metals including copper, steel, aluminum, and more. Using a handheld laser means that the user should be well-versed in safety techniques and proper PPE. Strong lasers can cause skin and eye damage almost immediately, so welders must wear protective gear during all operations. 

Robotic Laser Welding

Robotic use is one of the best ways for welding and fabrication shops to avoid small errors. Robotic laser welding can help a shop complete small projects quickly, making even large builds ready for customer delivery in as little as a few weeks. Higher set-up and preparation will be needed when you first introduce a robotic welder into your shop, but you will gain valuable time back once the operation is able to complete repeated tasks. 

How Different Techniques Compare

When it comes to choosing the right laser welding technique, the type of materials you can weld and the industries you are serving are two of the most important factors to consider. Most laser techniques can be used to weld stainless steel, but more fragile materials such as aluminum or copper may need a technique with less heat or a wave of laser beams. The versatility and efficiency of laser welding make it the best choice for welders in all industries. 

Services From MJB Welding

MJB has a team of experienced welders and fabricators in Northern Utah, ready to work with a variety of customers and industries. Our goal is to complete your job the right way the first time, ensuring long-term durability. We can complete field welding, structural welding, and steel fabrication for a variety of industries. Keep your metal and welds in pristine condition without worry over durability when you work with MJB Welding. Reach out to us to learn more.